F3. Hammada

3. HAMMADA

3.1: Hammada⁵ is represented by a multitude of black dots and irregularly shaped angular objects with buff-colored interiors. Any such hex is a hammada hex; e.g., 26D4.

3.2: Hammada is neither an obstacle nor a Hindrance to LOS, and is treated as Open Ground (1.1) for all purposes other than movement costs (3.3), Hammada Immobilization (3.31), the resolution of certain attacks (3.4), Sand Bog (7.31), and when Accessible to Broken Ground (13.1). Hammada does not negate FFMO or Interdiction.

3.3 MF/MP: The following movement costs apply to entering a Location that contains hammada: Infantry, one MF; Cavalry or Wagon, three MF; full-tracked vehicle, two MP; halftrack, three MP; armored car or motorcycle, four MP; truck, six MP.

3.31 IMMOBILIZATION: Each vehicle that is not fully-tracked must make an Immobilization DR when it enters (or changes VCA in) either a hammada hex or an Open Ground hex that is Accessible to a hammada hex [EXC to both: if following a Track (9.1) or road]. If the Immobilization Final DR is ≥ 12 the vehicle is Immobilized [EXC: motorcycle; F3.32]. The following cumulative DRM can apply:

DRM	Cause
+ 1	If the vehicle expends MP as a Truck, weighs ≥ 4 tons, and is not British-built*;⁶
+ 1	If the vehicle expends MP as a motorcycle
+ 1	If the vehicle did not expend twice the total [EXC: Towing/Weather/Convoy] MP necessary to enter (or change VCA in) that hex †
- 1	If the vehicle is in an Open Ground hex that is accessible to a hammada hex.

* British-built is defined as being a British-color counter without (a) [which denotes U.S. manufacture] in the piece name.
† The doubled MP cost is made as one expenditure.

Being thusly Accessible to > one hammada hex necessitates only one Immobilization DR. If changing VCA, one Immobilization DR is required for each hexside changed. In lieu of calculating the above DRM, players may find it easier to use the following table:

HAMMADA IMMOBILIZATION DR^a Original DR ≥ #=immob.
	In Hammada Hex		In OG^b Hex Access. To Hammada
MP Type	COT	2 x COT	COT	2 x COT
Truck, < 4 tons	11	12	12	NA
Truck, ≥ 4 tons; British-built	11	12	12	NA
Other	10	11	11	12
Armored Car	11	12	12	NA
Halftrack	11	12	12	NA
Full-track	NA	NA	NA	NA
Motorcycle	10^c	11^c	11^c	12^c

a NA if following a track or road
b [EXC: scrub, hammada, sand]
c The Rider breaks and is dismounted as per D15.46. An Original DR > this # eliminates the motorcycle; F3.32

EX: A German Opel Blitz truck (> 6 ½ tons) enters an Open Ground hex that is Accessible to a hammada hex, expending two MP simultaneously (rather than expending one to enter and then another one in the hex) to do so. The DRM applicable to the ensuing Hammada Immobilization DR are + 1 and -1, so it will be immobilized only on an Original DR of 12 (If it instead expends only the one MP necessary to enter the hex, it will receive another +1 DRM and will be immobilized on an Original DR of ≥ 11.) If it now enters the hammada hex with a simultaneous six-MP expenditure (the minimum required), it will be immobilized on an Original DR of ≥ 10. Note that if the truck were moving thusly on board 25 hill hexes the procedure would apply unchanged, but its MP expenditures would differ (F.2A). Note that scrub, hammada and sand are not considered Open Ground for Hammada Immobilization purposes.

3.32 MOTORCYCLE: A motorcycle is not immobilized by a failed Hammada Immobilization DR; rather, if that Final DR is a 12, the Rider breaks and is automatically dismounted just as if he had failed a Wreck Check dr (D15.46); if that Final DR is ≥ 13, the same result occurs but the motorcycle counter is then eliminated.

3.4 TEM: A cumulative -1 TEM applies to any DC, Bombardment (C1.82-.821), or ordnance/OBA HE, attack vs an unarmored target in hammada [EXC: not to any type of HE Equivalency or Specific Collateral Attack, nor vs a Partially-Armored AFV]. If an attack receiving the hammada - 1 TEM leaves Residual FP, that Residual FP is increased by one IFT column (like Air Bursts; A8.26). Otherwise, hammada has a 0 TEM.

EX: A 75mm Gun using the Area Target Type to fire at Infantry in hammada attacks with six FP and a -1 DRM (hammada TEM) on the IFT and will leave four Residual FP instead of the normal two. If it instead uses the Infantry Target Type it applies the hammada -1 TEM as TH Case Q and will leave eight Residual FP instead of six. If the Infantry were also in a foxhole their net TEM would be +1. Infantry in a Sangar (8.) in a hammada hex receives a net -2 DRM vs a Bombardment attack( +3 [sangar TEM; 8.4] -1 [hammada TEM] = +2 TEM = -2 Bombardment DRM [C1.82]).