6. TRANSPORTING PERSONNEL

6.1 PASSENGERS: Passengers ride inside their transporting vehicle and have their FP halved for Mounted Fire (quartered if the vehicle has moved during that Player Turn or is in Motion, inclusive of OVR attacks) unless in an armored halftrack (6.62) in which case it is halved only if the vehicle has moved or is in Motion. Passengers may engage in CC although at a disadvantage (A11.52 & A11.611). Any vehicle capable of transporting a Passenger has its carrying capacity printed on the counter in the form "#PP". For Passenger purposes, a squad equals ten PP, a HS/Crew five PP, and ≤ four SMC equal zero PP. Thus a vehicle with Transport Capacity can carry any combination of MMC/SW, provided the transport's PP capacity is not exceeded. See A5.5 for equivalents, and C10.13 for PP reduction due to a towed Gun's ammo. Passengers may remain in their vehicle even while broken unless the inherent crew also breaks, in which case any broken Passengers must rout beneath the vehicle as per 5.311. Otherwise, a broken Passenger may remain in its vehicle free from rout requirements even if enemy units are ADJACENT, in the same hex, or the vehicle is moving toward an enemy unit (even to OVR). LMG, PIAT, and Thrown DC are the only SW which can be fired by Passengers. (begin errata) [EXC: Desperation attacks by SCW/RCL as per C13.8-.81](end errata). Q&A

6.2 RIDERS: Riders are Personnel being transported on the outside of an AFV (or Cavalry or motorcyclists). AFV Riders cannot be used until 1942 - and even then only by the Russians. In 1943 and thereafter, all nationalities may use Riders. Riders are limited to tanks (not tankettes), TD, SPA, SPAA, Carriers (limited capacity; 6.81), and Assault Guns. Rider capacity is limited to a maximum of 14 PP (as per 6.1); within those time frames a vehicle not otherwise granted Rider capability can always carry one SMC as a Rider and the two PP he possesses. See A5.5 for equivalents. Rider PP cannot be used to satisfy the ammo PP reduction (C10.13) of any Gun that requires a T# (C10.1) to be transported; therefore, a dm 76-82mm mortar is transported by Riders at its normal five PP cost. Q&A

6.21 RESTRICTIONS: Riders are not allowed while the AFV is moving through (not around via Bypass) woods, orchard, buildings [EXC: friendly Factory Stairwells; B23.742], rubble, or Water Obstacles or through Bocage (B9.54), unless it is moving across a road hexside. Should any AFV enter/exit such terrain with Riders, the Riders must Bail Out in the last hex occupied prior to that prohibited terrain. A Rider on a turreted AFV must Bail Out if the AFV changes its TCA. Q&A

6.22 ATTACKS: Riders may not use SW, must use halved FP as Mounted Fire when firing their inherent FP on the IFT (quartered if the vehicle has moved or is in Motion, inclusive of OVR attacks), and must add one to their CC DR (A11.611). Q&A

6.23 TARGET STATUS: Riders are always Vulnerable to fire; i.e., they can never be BU like an AFV crew or halftrack Passenger, nor do they receive any CE benefit. Riders are subject to Collateral Attack. AFV Riders must Bail Out if pinned or broken.

6.24 BAILING OUT: A Rider (even if already broken) which is forced to leave its AFV (or broken Cavalry [A13.51] or motorcyclists [15.53]) by combat results (other than the destruction of the AFV) is Bailing Out. Bailing Out never costs the transport any MP. Any Rider which Bails Out must take a NMC, be placed beneath the AFV in the AFV's current hex, is unable to move or fire further during that phase, and if unbroken is marked with either a Prep Fire or Final Fire counter as appropriate. Any SW carried by a Bailing Out Rider is eliminated if the carrying unit breaks or is eliminated prior to or after Bail Out. Even if the carrying unit does not break as a result of Bailing Out, its SW must be removed from the AFV and checked for malfunction [dr 1-3 = ok; dr 4-6 = malfunction (or elimination if an X# SW)]. Bailing out into an enemy-occupied hex is allowed. See 6.5 for Bailing Out while in Bypass. Q&A

6.3 TRANSPORT: There is no reduction of a vehicle's MP allotment for transporting Personnel, although it does cost MP to load/disembark them. Units being transported are placed on top of the vehicle; units beneath a vehicle are on foot.

6.31 RECOVERY: PRC may not Recover SW not already in their vehicle, although they may transfer SW in their possession to other friendly Infantry/Cavalry in the same Location or other PRC on the same vehicle. Otherwise, SW must be Recovered by Infantry and loaded as the Infantry loads.

6.4 LOADING: A vehicle must be stopped to embark Passengers/Riders. It may move in the same MPh after they load, but it may not move in that MPh prior to their loading (including the expenditure of a MP to bring a Motion vehicle to a stop) [EXC: Infantry hooking up a Gun, C10.11]. The vehicle retains ¼ of its MP allotment for use in that MPh for each MF remaining to the Infantry that board it. If more than one Infantry unit boards the vehicle, only the unit expending the most MF is counted. It costs one MF to board a vehicle from the same Location. Loading (or unloading) may never occur during the APh. A SW may not be loaded onto or remain aboard an AFV without Passenger/Rider accompaniment [EXC: any halftrack or Carrier may retain any SW placed in it if those SW apply to that vehicle's Passenger PP capacity]. A vehicle which was not in Motion and loads/unloads Passengers or Riders as its first action in the MPh is not considered a moving target for Case J To Hit purposes, but can be Defensive First Fired upon due to its expenditure of MP. A leader cannot apply his MF bonus to units that load/unload during the same MPh (A4.12), but he can add his IPC to one such unit's IPC to increase its movement capability (A4.42). Q&A

EX: A HS carrying only two PP of SW can enter one Open Ground hex and board a vehicle in that hex which has not moved in the same MPh, leaving the vehicle with half of its MP, but a squad carrying five PP has only two MF and must expend them both to enter that Open Ground hex and load onto the vehicle unless it is accompanied by a SMC (A4.12, A4.42) carrying no PP of its own, thereby leaving the vehicle with one-fourth of its MP remaining for that MPh.

6.5 UNLOADING: A vehicle disembarks Passengers/Riders (without the latter Bailing Out) at a cost of one-fourth (FRU) of its MP allotment [EXC: Infantry unhooking a * Gun, C10.12] per disembarking stack but only while stopped during its own MPh. Disembarking Personnel must expend one MF to be placed beneath the vehicle and are additionally considered to have already expended one MF for every one-fourth of the MP allotment (FRU) used by the vehicle during that turn prior to unloading. This does not prevent Passengers/Riders from leaving a vehicle that fired in the preceding PFPh and expended no MP in this MPh, although they could not leave the vehicle's Location during that MPh. Likewise, they may unload from an immobilized vehicle unless that vehicle has already expended more than three-fourths of its MP allotment during the current MPh. Otherwise, if an unloading unit has MF remaining (keeping in mind its overall limit of four MF and expenditures of MF during vehicle movement) it may continue to move from that Location with any remaining MF but must do so as part of the same MPh as the conveying vehicle (i.e., no unit other than the conveying vehicle and any other disembarking PRC of that vehicle may move in the interim). Unloading pinned Passengers may not leave the Dismount hex during that MPh. FFNAM always applies vs loading or unloading units (A4.6); FFMO applies only if unloading Passengers from an unarmored conveyance in an Open Ground hex or CAFP. PRC may unload or Bail Out in an enemy-occupied hex with no special rules or consequences unless they do so from a vehicle in Bypass (A12.151). Passengers/Riders of a vehicle in Bypass which unload/Bail Out are assumed to be in the terrain of the vehicle's CAFP (2.36) for purposes of any Defensive First Fire vs them. Immediately after all such First Fire is resolved, they are assumed to be in the woods or building terrain of the obstacle itself. Unlike AFV, Infantry may not move (on their own) and fire in the same phase. Therefore, Passengers/Riders which fire or add their FP to an OVR during a MPh may not unload in that phase (although they could Bail Out) and vice versa. However, Passengers/Riders on an OVR vehicle which do not add their FP to that OVR may disembark during that MPh. SW carried by a vehicle's Passenger PP capacity can be unloaded/Recovered only by Passenger's of the same vehicle. Q&A

6.6 ARMORED HALFTRACKS: An armored halftrack is unique in that it can carry Passengers who can either share the AFV's invulnerability to Small Arms Fire while BU, or can be CE.

6.61 BU: As long as an armored halftrack's Passengers are not CE, they may not be attacked separately from their vehicle (i.e., the halftrack itself must be attacked in order to harm the Passengers - even in CC), unless the firer has an elevation advantage > the range to the halftrack. In this event, the +2 CE DRM applies but is reduced by one for each full level elevation advantage > the range (to a minimum CE DRM of 0) as per 5.31. BU Passengers may not fire [EXC: Reciprocity; A6.5], Spot/Observe for Indirect Fire, or attack in CC, or even provide a Personnel Escort DRM for vehicles being attacked in CC (A11.51). Broken/shocked Passengers are automatically considered BU. Q&A

6.62 CE: Armored halftrack Passengers/crew are always considered CE unless broken, shocked, or beneath a BU counter, and when CE are entitled to a normal +2 DRM as per 5.31. Such halftrack Passengers are not subject to Stun; they must become BU instead and broken if they also fail a MC. Armored halftrack Passengers must be CE in order to fire [EXC: Reciprocity; A6.5], direct attacks, attack in CC, or Spot/Observe for Indirect Fire. Placement and removal of Passenger CE status is identical to that for inherent crews (5.33). Armored halftracks (and other non-turreted AFV) use the CE/BU counters with no TCA depiction unless they have a turret-mounted MA.

6.63 FIRE/MOVEMENT: If an armored halftrack moves, all fire from its Passengers is halved as either Bounding First Fire during that MPh or Bounding Fire during the ensuing AFPh (3.31). However, an armored halftrack Passenger never has its FP halved due strictly to Mounted Fire (as a Truck Passenger must). Q&A

6.631 SW REMOVAL: A crew abandoning (5.41) an armored halftrack of that crew's nationality may Remove from the AFV and take with them (in dm form if possible), that halftrack's MG/mortar armament. The MG takes the form of a MG counter with the same or less FP as available to the vehicle. The weapon can be returned and the Abandoned/Disabled counter removed from that AFV by a friendly crew's (with the appropriate MG/mortar counter) re-entry into the halftrack as per 5.42 Clarification and Q&A

6.64 FG: The only vehicles (as opposed to Passengers/Riders) that may be part of a multi-unit FG are Carriers/armored halftracks, each of which must be CE and using its vehicular-mounted non-ordnance weapon(s) [EXC: FT, IFE] to qualify for that FG; such a FG may be composed of such Carriers/halftracks and/or Infantry/Cavalry. A Passenger may be part of a FG composed only of other Passengers/vehicular-mounted non-ordnance weapons, and only if all elements of that FG are on the same vehicle [EXC: CE halftrack Passengers may be part of a FG composed of other Carriers/halftracks(as above), and/or other Passengers of the same or another CE halftrack, and/or Infantry/Cavalry]. A Rider unit may be part of a FG composed only of other Riders on the same vehicle and/or that vehicle's AAMG [EXC: Carrier Riders may be part of any FG that consists of (or includes) that Carrier's non-ordnance weapon(s)]. In all cases, the normal rules for FG (A7.5-.55) still apply. The vehicle crew is always assumed to fire its own weapons; a player may not specify his Passengers to be CE and firing the armament of an otherwise BU halftrack. Q&A

6.65 LEADERSHIP: The leadership modifier of any CE (or otherwise exposed to fire) leader Passenger may be used to direct the fire of other Passengers in that halftrack (including their use as a FG). However, it may not be used to direct the fire of other units in the hex if that halftrack has entered a new hex or been in Motion during that phase. The leader cannot direct fire to a target out of his LOS even if the target is in LOS of other units in the hex - a situation that can occur when the leader's halftrack is in Bypass (because his LOS must be traced from the vehicle's CAFP and can be blocked by the obstacle in its own hex). Similarly, a Passenger leader may direct an OVR or CC attack in which other Passengers take part, but may not be used to direct the halftrack alone. Likewise, a CE (or exposed) Armor Leader can direct the fire of his Passengers/other nearby units only if their FP is added to the non-ordnance FP of his halftrack to form a FG; he cannot direct them separately.

6.651 MC/TC: A leader who is a Passenger can only affect the MC/TC of other Passengers in the same vehicle unless he is CE in a halftrack that has not entered a new hex or been in Motion during the current phase. Similarly, an Armor Leader can affect the MC/TC only of the inherent crew of his vehicle. The loss or breaking of an Armor Leader has no effect on anyone but his own crew (3.42). The loss/breaking of a Passenger leader cannot cause a LLMC/LLTC to any occupants of the same Location, except to other Passengers of the same vehicle (A10.2).

6.66 DM: Although a broken Passenger in an armored halftrack is automatically BU, it is put under DM by any ordnance hit vs that halftrack or by any attack vs that halftrack or its PRC which is capable of possibly inflicting at least an NMC result on a hypothetical CE target in that halftrack, even though such fire is normally not effective vs a BU target.

6.7 TRUCKS: All unarmored, fully-wheeled vehicles (such as a jeep) are generically covered by the truck rules. The only difference in transporting Personnel by truck (or unarmored halftrack) is that both the vehicle and its Passengers are subject to all forms of attack (i.e., its PRC are always Vulnerable). A non-ordnance or mortar attack is resolved on the ★ Vehicle line of the IFT (A7.308) against both the vehicle and Collaterally (A.14B) against its Passengers/crew with the same DR [EXC: if that attack destroys the vehicle; A.14].

6.71 ORDNANCE: Ordnance [EXC: mortar/Area Target Type; C1.55] hits vs a truck are resolved on the Unarmored line of the proper To Kill Table. Any To Kill DR one > the Final TK# vs an unarmored vehicle is a miss (C7.311) - not Shock or Immobilization. Ordnance [EXC: mortar/Area Target Type; C1.55] can cause Immobilization vs an unarmored vehicle only with a TK DR equal to the Truck's Final TK#. If the vehicle is not destroyed, its Vulnerable PRC are subject to a Specific Collateral Attack (A.14A).

6.72 PASSENGER FIRE: Truck Passengers must use Mounted Fire if they make a fire attack, in addition to any other application of halved or Area Fire; thus a truck Passenger may add only one-fourth of its printed FP to an OVR. In a few cases, a truck may have mounted weaponry, but that must be fired by its inherent crew. Truck Passengers may engage in CC, but are severely penalized (A11.52).

6.8 CARRIERS: A Carrier⁸ is treated as a halftrack except as stated otherwise below.

6.81 PP: A Carrier is a fully-tracked OT AFV. A Carrier without a mortar, FT, or 6 FP AAMG listed as MA on its counter has a Passenger capacity of four PP (as per 6.1) for SMC/SW/ammo (C10.13). Any Carrier can also carry ≤ eight Rider PP (as per 6.2).

6.82 CREWS/HS: Carrier crews usually dismounted to make an attack as normal Infantry; therefore, their inherent crews are really 2-4-7 HS (or 2-4-8 if representing an elite unit) that, due to their unique training, need not pass a TC nor have a leader present (A1.31) to recombine after Dismounting, or to Deploy for the purpose of mounting their Carriers (after having been combined into squads) when dismounted [EXC: those Carriers armed with a FT or 76mm mortar or specified as towing ordnance, have inherent crews]. The inherent crew/HS of a Carrier has the option to unload more quickly as per 6.5 but may not Remove any of the vehicle armament (6.631) or destroy the vehicle (5.411) if it does so. Q&A

6.83 A Carrier HS/crew may also abandon/re-occupy a Carrier along with the Carrier's MG/ATR/mortar as per 6.631.

6.84 CE: A Carrier is never considered BU. Its inherent HS/Crew/Passengers are always considered CE and Vulnerable to Small Arms Fire and Collateral Attacks in the same manner as a CE crew (5.31) [EXC: they remain CE if stunned or shocked, and are subject to the Collateral Attack that may result from that attack]. Even though always exposed to fire, the inherent Crew/HS of a Carrier must abide by 5.8.

6.9 SURVIVAL: The effects of Crew Survival (5.6) also apply to any Passenger/Rider of a vehicle destroyed by other than CC or burning. Each unit makes an individual DR to determine its own fate. A Rider who must check for Survival does not have to Bail Out. The Shock/Stun DRM applicable to inherent crews does not apply to Passengers but, if they happen to be broken, a +1 DRM applies to the Survival DR of those Passengers. Q&A